TITANBOA Cerrejonisuchus improcerus

TITAN BOA Cerrejonisuchus improcerus The largest snake the world has ever known likely had a diet that included crocodile, or at least an ancient relative of the reptile.Scientists have discovered a 60-million-year-old ancient crocodile fossil, which has been named a new species, in northern Columbia, South America. The site, one of the world's largest open-pit coal mines, also yielded skeletons of the giant, boa constrictor-like Titanoboa, which measured up to 45 feet long (14 m).Crocodyliforms are extinct reptiles that are distant relatives of modern crocodiles and alligators."We're starting to flesh out the fauna that we have from there," said study author Alex Hastings, a graduate student at the Florida Museum of Natural History.The skull and other specimens used in the study show the newly discovered species, named Cerrejonisuchus improcerus, grew only 6 to 7 feet long (about 2 m), making it easy prey for Titanoboa.Clearly this new fossil would have been part of the food-chain, both as predator and prey," said Jonathan Bloch, a Florida Museum vertebrate paleontologist and associate curator. "Giant snakes today are known to eat crocodylians, and it is not much of a reach to say Cerrejonisuchus would have been a frequent meal for Titanoboa. Fossils of the two are often found side-by-side," added Bloch, who was part of the fossil-hunting expeditions.Indeed, anacondas have been documented consuming caimans — reptiles in the same family as crocodiles — in the Amazon.The new croc species is the smallest member of Dyrosauridae, a family of now-extinct crocodyliforms. Dyrosaurids typically grew to about 18 feet and had long tweezer-like snouts for eating fish. By contrast, the newly discovered species had a much shorter snout, indicating a more generalized diet that likely included frogs, lizards, small snakes and possibly mammals.

"It seems that Cerrejonisuchus managed to tap into a feeding resource that wasn't useful to other larger crocodyliforms," Hastings said. The study reveals an unexpected level of diversity among dyrosaurids, said Christopher A. Brochu, a paleontologist at the University of Iowa, who was not involved in the study. Scientists previously believed dyrosaurids diversified in the Paleogene, the period of time following the mass extinction of dinosaurs. But this study reinforces the view that much of their diversity was in place before the mass extinction event, Brochu said. Somehow dyrosaurids survived the mass extinction intact while other marine reptile groups, such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs, died out completely.

A pressing grant deadline is going to keep today's evolution blog entry short, but the find is no less spectacular than yesterday's fetal proto-whale fossil. A group of researchers has discovered the fossil vertebra of the largest snake known to date. At an estimated 13 meters (about 42.6 feet) long, this monster, named appropriately Titanoboa, lived in tropical South America about 60 million years ago.Fossils help us to recover details of the Earth's past, and not just with regard to the actual organisms themselves. Fossil palm fronds in Wyoming are clear evidence that the area around today's chilly Grand Tetons was once a tropical paradise. A giant snake fossil can be a similar indicator of the past climate. The snake's discoverers used the snake's size to make an estimate of the tropical temperatures the animal lived in. How tropical temperatures respond during planetary warming or cooling phases has been a controversial point for climate scientists, but Titanoboa gives us a clue. Snakes are not warm-blooded, which means their body temperature depends on the ambient air temperature. To satisfy the energy requirements of a 1 ton snake, the scientists estimate that the ambient temperature had to be around 90 degrees Farenheit, which is significantly warmer than previous estimates.Titanoboa is one of those finds that fires up our imaginations about the past. It is also an example of how fossils are powerful clues about the Earth's history.Join me tomorrow, here at Adaptive Complexity, for day 11 of 30 Days of Evolution Blogging Evolution as a science is alive and well. Each day I will blog about a paper related to evolution published in 2009.